Influence of Exposure Cd 1-x Mg x Fe ₂ O 4 Compound by RF Plasma

Background: The work focuses on enhancing the structural properties, where the Cd 1-x Mgx Fe 2 O 4 products prepared by sol-gel solution were characterized. Auto ignition approach using several automated equipment, as FESEM, XRD, for concentrations (x=0.0,0.8 and 1), post-synthesis plasmas were exposed in a low-pressure chamber using the RF Magnetron Sputtering System and the results compared. by X-ray diffraction analysis, confirms the configuration to the FCC cubic structure of the studied samples. Plasma treatment did not affect the crystallization but the crystal size (D) of the particle size decreases after exposure to plasma


INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology enters a vast number of different technology domains, where the uniform model is the nanoparticles of the structure. Model nanoparticles of the type of spanne have some characteristics that distinguish them from others, including the substantial amount of exposed space to the nanopolitan size, high saturation magnet and hyperactive magnetic behavior. Nanotechnate Verits crystals are good insulation materials that have a difference depending on the crystal composition and the method of preparation. The characteristics of the nanosomic particles of the highly dependent on their composition, morphology, and the size associated with the conditions of preparing these materials, this means that the characteristics of the nanotechnitus, which can be engineered during the synthesis process. There are several preparation methods, such as hydrothermal co-precipitation, pyrolysis, Using sol-gel and reverse micelle, ferrite nanoparticles may be produced [1][2][3][4].
Ferrite was Soft layers are readily demagnetized owing to their low coercion, which is the basis for their classification as one of two categories based on magnetic resistance and compulsive force magnetism: hard and soft. Hard ferrite has a high coercive force and this leads to the difficulty of demagnetization and is put to use in the creation of lasting magnetic devices such such as those used in refrigerators, electric motors, and other loudspeakers. Magnesium ferrite has also been reported to generate high heat, compared to other frites, when the grain the size is in the range nm [5][6][7].
MgFe2O4 because of its high electrical resistivity and Curie temperature, as well as its high value of saturation magnetization, has many important uses, and it is also a magnetic substance that is soft and has one inverted spinel groups .MgFe2O4 is an additional n-type semiconductor substance that has applications in magnetic technology, adsorption devices, and sensor technology. Cadmium ferrite CdFe2O4 has a regular-like structure as a stable phase, with Cd and Fe ions filling tetrahedral (A sites) and octahedral (B sites), respectively(B sites), respectively, with close cubic packing of oxide ions [8 and9].
Despite widespread knowledge that ordinary CdFe2O 4spinel acts as an antimagnetic at a Néel temperature of 13 K, spin freezing with short-range correlation really takes place only at 13 K, there is no evidence of long-range ordering up to 0.1 K. Using measurements obtained from neutron scattering experiments. Radio frequency (RF) plasma is commonly used as a surface treatment or precipitation technology low-temperature plasma is used in a variety of industries, including electronics, aerospace and biology. Radiofrequency plasma contains high-energy ions and widely reactive species that are used in surface etching and thin-film semiconductor deposition. Regardless and its diagnosis is critical in determining a relationship between plasma properties and the final product [10][11][12].

 Sample preparation
A process known as the sol-gel method common and old a chemical process for the production of a variety of nanostructures, most notably nanoparticles of metal oxide. In which The molecular feedstock is combined with water or alcohol and then subjected to moderate heating while being agitated in order to precipitate a gel via the process of hydrolysis/alcohol. The sol-gel technique is a synthetic approach that may be used to produce nanoparticles with a wide range of different chemical compositions. The basic principle pertaining to the sol-gel technology is to manufacture a homogenous solar solution created from raw materials also then gelatinized [13 and14]. In order to protect the qualities of the product from the influence of impurities of the prepared compound, a raw material of this research makes use of very pure materials. The purity raw materials material employed in the fabrication of sol-gel samples is between 99% and 98%.
In this research Cd1-x MgxFe2O4 this sample size for this work was adequate nitrate and citric acid for their synthesis. In a baker with a capacity of 400 ml, the raw ingredients were mixed with 200 ml of deionized distilled water, and the mixture was baked mixture was mixed with a homogenizer a heated the magnetic stirrer for continuous stirring (model JENWAY-1000). By adding ammonia to the solution and keeping it heated for two hours on a heater set to 60 degrees Celsius, the PH level of the solution was brought up to 8. The gels were dried for 2 hours at 120 °C and then spontaneously combusted to form a loose powder after ignition in air at room temperature. After that, the powders are ground and sintered in a refractory oven at 1100 ° C for 6 hours, and the grinding process is repeated until it becomes homogeneous. The powder was then pressed by a hydraulic press at a pressure of 150 kN into molds to form a disc with a diameter of 20 mm, Figure(1) . The work will take place in two phases: before exposing it to the plasma, and then when the samples are placed into the RF Magnetron Sputtering, pure argon gas (99.9% impurities) was used.
 Composition of RF Magnetron Sputtering System: The system incorporated three main parts, the cavity (chamber) , control box, and RF power supply. The chamber covered by a upper surface with three magnetron targets built-in connected to RF power supply (single target connection each time), also the targets are connected to water chiller to keep the targets cooled. The second part is the control box which contains a touch screen to control starting of system, flowing of gas, sample rotation speed and stage temperature setting, in addition to inlet gas and air switch. As shown in Fig. (2).The third part is the RF power supply.

X-ray diffraction studies
For a phased analysis of the order to control the formation Cubic and tetrahedral structures were used Powder X-ray diffract graphs. Figure (3) The XRD spectra of Cd 1-XMgX Fe2O4 doped with various Mg +2 concentrations are reported. The XRD patterns revealed the pure crystalline nature of the prepared Cd1-XMgX Fe2O4 with no secondary phases/impurities, confirming the product's high purity of the Cubic spinel structure. This suggests when examining Cd1-xZnxFe2O4, the ferrite compound CdFe2O4 was identical to the card (No. 96-591-0006). It was discovered that the ferrite compound made of pure MgFe2O4 was contaminated with manganese ion is multicrystallized in varying amounts and in the direction of preference (222) and identical to the card( (No. 96-591-0006) . As shown in Figures (1a,b) that demonstrate the face centred cubic spinel phase (FCC) .
When the cadmium ion is substituted with a magnesium ion, the height of the peak decreases with increasing crystal size, We also see that the shift occurs to the right, towards CdFe2O4, and a decrease as a result of the increase in volume, there is a rise in the potency of the cadmium ferritic compound.    Table  ( 1). It was observed that (D) decreased after plasma exposure. At x = 0, the value of( a) decreased, but the rest of the concentrations values the lattice parameter (a) increased after plasma exposure. Thus, the X-ray measurements showed that the un-exposure and plasma-exposure samples have a cubic spinel structure, and that the variation of the structural parameters with the exposure is irregular, Consequently enhancing the atoms' ability to diffuse after being put onto the substrate and grain size of the sample [15 and 16].

Surface morphology properties
The morphological analysis of the as-prepared ferrite Cd1-xMgxFe2O4 samples was performed using FE-SEM, which gives clear details on the size and structure of the particles that make up the nanocrystals. Figure 5 shows the surface shape and size distribution. And from which Figure(7a) corresponding to the FESEM image in Figure (8c), It has been shown that the nanoparticles have a propensity to agglomerate, at least to some degree. This is most likely the result of the absence of a stabilizer that is both efficient and effective. Nanocrystals were found for each of the prepared compounds as shown in the figures, and the particles differ from each other in size, and the particle size increases as cadmium ions Cd + 2 are replaced by magnesium ions.
After the exposure of the compound Cd1-XMgX Fe2O4 to plasma, we notice a change in the topography of the surface, also a clear change at the most concentration in the surface structure after exposure to the plasma Figure (8), and the surface exposed to the plasma shows a change in the positions of the crystals and their cohesion with each other after the plasma carries them away to most concentrations, which may result from a decrease in super magnetic effect and lattice defects in Ferrite nanocrystalline films [17and18].